卡洛斯·费尔南德斯·卡萨多大桥

卡洛斯·费尔南德斯·卡萨多工程师大桥，又名巴里奥斯·卢娜桥，国内又翻译为“卢纳”或”鲁纳“大桥，是一座位于西班牙莱昂省的公路斜拉桥，跨越巴里奥斯·卢娜水库，承载AP-66高速公路（即“拉普拉塔高速公路”），大约在莱昂至奥维耶多之间半程的位置。
大桥于1983年建成，并以西班牙工程师卡洛斯·费尔南德斯·卡萨多（1905－1988）的名字来命名，由卡洛斯·费尔南德斯·卡萨多有限责任公司（西班牙语：Carlos Fernández Casado, S.L.）设计，这家成立于1966年的西班牙工程公司，当时由哈维尔·曼特若拉主持。
大桥主跨440米，曾是世界上主跨最长的斜拉桥及最长的混凝土斜拉桥，其斜拉桥主跨纪录于1986年被加拿大的阿力克斯·菲沙桥所超越，而混凝土斜拉桥的主跨纪录直到1991年才被挪威的斯堪桑德大桥所超越。同时，截至2014年，在加的斯的拉佩芭大桥建成之前，该桥一直是西班牙主跨最长的斜拉桥。大桥为双向四车道，两侧各设有一条为维护人员使用的步道。
主桥跨径布置为：66+440+66米，桥宽34米，两座H型钢筋混凝土桥塔建在两岸的基岩之上，高度分别为102.3米和117.3米。228根斜拉索由直径0.6英寸的钢丝构成。




The absolute world record in spans until 1986 (The previous World Record went to the St. Nazaire bridge, a combined bridge L=404 m). The World Record for spans in concrete cable stayed bridges until 1995 (The previous World Record went to Brottone L=320 m).

Fig 7.3.2
This bridge has a 440 m long main span and two compensating spans, with counterweights included, measuring 101 m. The expansion joint of the prestressed concrete lintel is found in the centre of the main span, due to the fact that the compensations are exceptionally short because of the morphology of the ground, which prevents being able to place the joints on the end edges without this over complicating the longitudinal mobility of the counterweights.
The piers are 123 m high, 90 m high from the lintel, and for the first time they take on the trapezial rectangular shape with a view to maintaining the stays system perfectly vertical, and to also allowing the lintel to cross the pier without touching the bottom section of it.

With a height of 2.3 m, the lintel achieves a slenderness of Ll200.
The stays are arranged with an 8.04 m separation along the lintel. The whole length of the lintel is suspended, even in the pier area, where the lintel only rests horizontally.
This is the first time that we have undertaken a non linear calculation of the bridge performance (the stay-lintel interaction, in both construction and service phases) and also of the whole point charge distribution on the lintel by spatial finite elements.
The construction was carried out via the cantilever method with 4.02 m long voussoirs.



请专业英语较好的童鞋给翻翻，奖励堡币哟

{:4_94:}

这桥看着稳重大气，不失美感！

不错！感觉很朴实稳重！

感觉这条河很神奇，像马路的十字街头。

The absolute world record in spans until 1986 (The previous World Record went to the St. Nazaire bridge, a combined bridge L=404 m). The World Record for spans in concrete cable stayed bridges until 1995 (The previous World Record went to Brottone L=320 m).

该桥一直保持着最大跨径纪录至1986年（前世界纪录为圣纳泽尔桥 Pont de Saint-Nazaire，主跨 L=404m，扇形索面，主桥正交异性钢箱梁），并且还保持着混凝土斜拉桥最大跨径纪录至1995年（前世界纪录为法国Brottone桥，主跨320m，法国工程师Müller建于1977年，预应力混凝土塔和箱梁桥面的单索面斜拉桥）

This bridge has a 440 m long main span and two compensating spans, with counterweights included, measuring 101 m. The expansion joint of the prestressed concrete lintel is found in the centre of the main span, due to the fact that the compensations are exceptionally short because of the morphology of the ground, which prevents being able to place the joints on the end edges without this over complicating the longitudinal mobility of the counterweights.
The piers are 123 m high, 90 m high from the lintel, and for the first time they take on the trapezial rectangular shape with a view to maintaining the stays system perfectly vertical, and to also allowing the lintel to cross the pier without touching the bottom section of it.

这座桥由440m长主跨和两个含压重段长度101米的锚跨组成。预应力混凝土主梁的伸缩缝接头设置在主跨中央位置，受地形限制，锚跨非常短，这也阻止了将伸缩缝设置在梁端部而使压重段纵向的活动性能过于复杂。
塔高123米，桥面以上高90米，（桥塔底部）首次采用梯形造型，以维持索面系统完全垂直，并能容许主梁穿过塔柱而不触碰它的底部截面。

With a height of 2.3 m, the lintel achieves a slenderness of Ll200.
The stays are arranged with an 8.04 m separation along the lintel. The whole length of the lintel is suspended, even in the pier area, where the lintel only rests horizontally.
This is the first time that we have undertaken a non linear calculation of the bridge performance (the stay-lintel interaction, in both construction and service phases) and also of the whole point charge distribution on the lintel by spatial finite elements.
The construction was carried out via the cantilever method with 4.02 m long voussoirs.

主梁高度为2.3米，高跨比达到1/200。
斜拉索沿主梁隔8.04m分布。整个主梁为漂浮体系，即使在桥塔位置，也只受横向约束作用。
这是我们首次采用非线性计算桥的性能(施工阶段以及运营阶段的索-梁相互作用)，并利用空间有限单元计算了主梁上点电荷分布的。（这里原文看不明白，有可能是指点荷载？比如索力分布？）
本工程采用悬臂施工方法，节段长度4.02m。