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) |( \( @9 ` h& r, AIntegral Abutment Bridge Design Guidelines(92 Pages)
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Integral Abutment Bridge Design Guidelines.pdf
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
4 l8 q( r$ U+ N# n0 O* ?# _Table of Contents...........................................................................................................................................vii
) d2 v/ N; s tIntroduction.....................................................................................................................................................xi
4 i/ o0 s5 v: ?) K1 d! WSECTION 1 Introduction to Integral Abutment Bridges...............................................................................1-1
% w4 S4 S: X' L! _3 Q) l+ S$ u; R. Q1.1 Integral Abutment Bridge................................................................................................................1-1
0 F& h9 q5 j+ j: m& j8 F1.2 Difference from Conventional Bridges............................................................................................1-1
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1.3 Document Precedence.....................................................................................................................1-1
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1.4 Definitions......................................................................................................................................1-1
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1.5 Notation..........................................................................................................................................1-3
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SECTION 2 General Design and Location Features.....................................................................................2-1
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2.1 First Choice.....................................................................................................................................2-1
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2.2 Structure Geometrical Criteria.........................................................................................................2-1
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2.2.1 Criteria for the Simplified Design Method.............................................................................2-1
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2.2.2 Detailed Design for Projects That Exceed the Criteria for Simplified Design......................2-2
6 J' Q5 ]! G2 k& c7 R" z2.2.3 Semi-Integral, Jointed and Other Structural Alternatives......................................................2-2
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2.3 Laying out the Bridge......................................................................................................................2-3
$ k" d' Q8 Z4 a: K6 ^; q7 C6 k2.3.1 Conventional Layout..............................................................................................................2-3
( U5 o0 W5 ^9 _; E+ k$ l2.3.2 Ideal Layout...........................................................................................................................2-3
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2.4 Hydraulic RequirementS.................................................................................................................2-5
0 c. i7 p) [& {2.4.1 Scour Considerations..............................................................................................................2-6
* F# Q1 a+ K8 v4 ^2 n* m3 ]3 F1 k2.4.2 Cofferdam Requirements.......................................................................................................2-6
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2.5 Geotechnical...................................................................................................................................2-6
5 h T$ k* R( C- G# R5 u3 j8 TSECTION 3 Loads........................................................................................................................................3-1
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3.1 General Information........................................................................................................................3-1
$ h- L' T }/ P" O3 ~0 r2 J1 P3.2 Application of Loads.......................................................................................................................3-1
" j$ E) F" F# p/ b! ~( i3 x3.2.1 Construction Stage.................................................................................................................3-1
5 i* W( D# a8 E6 y! q" x) C! M6 l3.2.1.1 Permanent Dead Loads on Pile Cap..............................................................................3-1
4 {8 v L( m; |% r) V3.2.1.2 Construction Dead and Live Loads...............................................................................3-1
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3.2.1.3 Permanent Dead Load on Piles.....................................................................................3-1
1 s4 O9 f# {& B* \, l3.2.2 Final Stage.............................................................................................................................3-1
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3.2.2.1 Composite Permanent Dead Loads...............................................................................3-2
5 m; L1 K/ q- T: ]/ o! F" J3.2.2.2 Live Loads....................................................................................................................3-2
7 g, D x' _: a0 n3.2.2.3 Longitudinal Effects.....................................................................................................3-2
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3.2.2.4 Earth Loads...................................................................................................................3-2
3 R' A3 p) ] k! M1 Q+ p7 mSECTION 4 Structural Analysis and Evaluation...........................................................................................4-1
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4.1 General Information........................................................................................................................4-1
& U' O/ m( F X! H9 d( l1 ?4.2 Structural Design Criteria................................................................................................................4-1
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4.3 Design Methodology......................................................................................................................4-1
: O* a2 H8 i5 a+ B; M+ V4.3.1 Simplified Design Method.....................................................................................................4-1
0 ]3 p5 V; F. {1 z' t: T4.3.2 Detailed Design......................................................................................................................4-2
; Y5 B- @4 u( @/ ^4.4 Superstructure.................................................................................................................................4-2
, I* d8 B7 v# Z H: n! p4.4.1 Bridge End and Anchorage General Details..........................................................................4-2
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4.5 Substructure....................................................................................................................................4-3
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4.5.1 Abutment Movement..............................................................................................................4-3
$ i4 }" \2 m% N2 L/ T4.5.1.1 Thermal Movement.......................................................................................................4-3
; b. v( P0 n6 Y9 b2 ?4.5.1.2 Shrinkage and Creep.....................................................................................................4-4
+ T8 M' N' p- V! X& B) J2 x- h6 W. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
0 v e; ^# Y/ u, F Z AVermont Agency of Transportation
% i; z9 x3 ?, mviii 2008VTRANS INTEGRAL ABUTMENT DESIGN GUIDELINE
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4.5.1.3 Total Allowable Movement..........................................................................................4-4
, }7 E' V9 [8 [. L t4.5.1.4 Grade of Steel...............................................................................................................4-4
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4.5.1.5 Pile Selection................................................................................................................4-4
+ J+ t1 C' J# _* @7 @% Q) i. R& M: q4.5.1.6 Pile Orientation.............................................................................................................4-9
1 u( K b8 ^4 d( z) U& M4.5.2 Pile Design............................................................................................................................4-9
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4.5.2.1 L-Pile Software Analysis............................................................................................4-11
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4.5.2.1.1 Lateral Load at Pile Head.......................................................................................4-11
) Q' c7 K! F' f' `0 h4.5.2.1.2 Pile Deflection and Moment..................................................................................4-11
% @3 n3 Q" R; ^! y& ~8 U2 W# \, z5 k3 z4.5.2.1.3 Unbraced Lengths..................................................................................................4-12
! ?3 f- c7 C( L6 l; ?8 m4.5.2.1.4 Depth to Fixity.......................................................................................................4-12
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4.5.2.2 Combined Axial Compression and Flexure................................................................4-16
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4.5.3 Pile Cap...............................................................................................................................4-16
c( U% u, t0 Y4 n4 M7 ?5 e4.5.4 Wingwall Design..................................................................................................................4-16
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4.6 Project Notes and Special Provisions............................................................................................4-16
( f$ |6 y- \# i$ K& |4.7 Load Rating..................................................................................................................................4-16
0 C2 y9 Y6 L+ f) F4 ESECTION 5 Concrete Structures...................................................................................................................5-1
( @) C. \- A- `5.1 General Information........................................................................................................................5-1
7 }( @) a% m2 G3 [6 t, V5.2 Prestress Superstructure Specific Details........................................................................................5-1
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5.2.1 Voided Slab and Box Beam Bridge Decks............................................................................5-1
8 a. \0 E& V. u& j9 T$ H5.2.2 Northeast Bulb-T (NEBT)......................................................................................................5-2
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5.2.2.1 Cast-In-Place Concrete Slab Decks..............................................................................5-4
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5.2.3 Design for Frame Action (Negative Moment) at Ends of Deck.............................................5-4
l, a/ K9 z5 {0 p& F; DSECTION 6 Steel Structures........................................................................................................................6-1
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6.1 General Information........................................................................................................................6-1
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6.2 Steel Girder Specific Details...........................................................................................................6-1
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SECTION 7 Aluminum Structures................................................................................................................7-1
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7.1 General Information........................................................................................................................7-1
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SECTION 8 Wood Structures.......................................................................................................................8-1
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8.1 General Information........................................................................................................................8-1
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SECTION 9 Deck and Deck Systems............................................................................................................9-1
- R) N6 j' i' f/ u Q7 C0 }9.1 General Information........................................................................................................................9-1
/ [6 J8 H1 ?9 \" Y8 h# {SECTION 10 Foundations..........................................................................................................................10-1
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10.1 Initial Considerations................................................................................................................10-1
' X3 j- X; k) N9 j7 j o9 f10.1.1 Geotechnical Exploration.....................................................................................................10-1
. _6 u9 n4 L1 j$ s4 c10.1.2 Pile Design and Verification................................................................................................10-1
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10.1.3 Required Information for Contract Documents....................................................................10-1
0 _" b' }2 }1 Z7 O9 q10.2 Selecting a Pile for Integral Abutments....................................................................................10-1
+ k* K" T) g; o10.2.1 Loads on Piles......................................................................................................................10-1
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10.2.2 Pile Cap Geometry...............................................................................................................10-2
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10.2.2.1 Number of Piles and Pile Spacing..............................................................................10-2
* U7 b3 |& Q2 {10.2.2.2 Pile Groups.................................................................................................................10-2
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10.2.2.3 Pile Length Requirement............................................................................................10-2
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10.3 Service Limit State....................................................................................................................10-2
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10.4 Strength Limit State..................................................................................................................10-2
# Q; s4 w- \/ T( u: W10.4.1 Nominal Structural Pile Resistance (NSPR)........................................................................10-3
1 M/ Z$ j, D/ ^- l) Q. D$ l10.4.2 Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR)..............................................................................10-3
9 C a# ~" P+ ]" Y1 Z10.4.3 Downdrag and Other Losses to Geotechnical Strength.......................................................10-3
9 \ N) q7 K* ?" H, Q) I* T3 \10.4.4 Strength Limit State Resistance Factors for Driven Piles....................................................10-3
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. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
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Vermont Agency of Transportation
: u+ Q) g7 r9 k' B pTABLE OF CONTENTS ix
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10.5 Pile Driving Analysis................................................................................................................10-4
5 B, S, G! V2 g- j10.5.1 Pile Driving Concerns..........................................................................................................10-4
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10.5.2 Maximum Pile Driving Stress..............................................................................................10-4
2 S5 f$ H$ P% m% q" u( n0 e# \10.5.3 Nominal Pile Driving Resistance (NPDR)...........................................................................10-5
* M, q" c6 ?+ G- Z. ^5 y8 I% }10.5.3.1 Verification of the Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR) in Compression............10-5
3 V! D* Z W K' d2 c O10.5.4 Resistance Factors for Verifying the NAPR........................................................................10-5
! \+ D+ ?6 [( m5 y9 o10.6 Design Steps for Piles...............................................................................................................10-6
* y2 b' r' W5 W* l7 |7 W6 \SECTION 11 Abutment, Piers and Walls....................................................................................................11-1
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11.1 General Information..................................................................................................................11-1
3 |, \% S2 ]' g9 p0 b2 t0 @SECTION 12 Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners....................................................................................12-1
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12.1 General Information..................................................................................................................12-1
/ o- W9 }9 |/ M1 o- [SECTION 13 Railings................................................................................................................................13-1
, F2 l" z1 E# n4 Q1 b13.1 General Information..................................................................................................................13-1
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SECTION 14 Joints and Bearings...............................................................................................................14-1
$ W$ g* A1 _. |14.1 General Information..................................................................................................................14-1
3 X3 \' i7 T9 ySECTION 15 Summary..............................................................................................................................15-1
! P+ G$ h$ q: k7 d& ISECTION 16 References............................................................................................................................16-1
+ Z0 S- e7 `1 a) a' R* }' E16.1 General Information..................................................................................................................16-1
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16.2 Performance.............................................................................................................................16-1
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16.3 Design Issues............................................................................................................................16-2
1 @8 W1 M& g3 f( m" c9 S8 r16.4 Analysis....................................................................................................................................16-2
& z" J& N7 U& p, D& L' A16.5 Approach Slabs.........................................................................................................................16-2
: [1 @6 k# Y U5 \7 E4 b16.6 Forces.......................................................................................................................................16-2
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16.7 State Manual References...........................................................................................................16-3
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Appendix A Design Outline.............................................................................................................................1
! {! i+ D3 h* x q1 |( QAppendix B Design Example...........................................................................................................................1
0 }7 y: X j2 E3 f( z$ dNotes:..........................................................................................................................................................16-1
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