Integral Abutment Bridge Design 的几篇文献

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
7 T. ?  d# P: Y3 LTable of Contents...........................................................................................................................................vii
3 Q2 u" }) u; e. a5 BIntroduction.....................................................................................................................................................xi
, W3 z& a3 o; u6 lSECTION 1 Introduction to Integral Abutment Bridges...............................................................................1-1; J  J# v) f5 V8 x
1.1 Integral Abutment Bridge................................................................................................................1-1+ ^  Z9 B4 \1 Q6 c! L0 l
1.2 Difference from Conventional Bridges............................................................................................1-1
% S; j" t8 q/ I9 g* \. K1.3 Document Precedence.....................................................................................................................1-1
5 Z3 `# a  c! o- V1.4 Definitions......................................................................................................................................1-1; z. ~' r3 y3 H
1.5 Notation..........................................................................................................................................1-3
9 C' S5 c1 X. ^( SSECTION 2 General Design and Location Features.....................................................................................2-1
4 ?6 z; W6 n; O! j' d& G2.1 First Choice.....................................................................................................................................2-1  n8 z( x/ M1 T; J! s$ P
2.2 Structure Geometrical Criteria.........................................................................................................2-1
+ Z! [$ B6 \9 e7 Y% H9 D2.2.1 Criteria for the Simplified Design Method.............................................................................2-1
& V+ g! [* e; A- j& U7 l; @2.2.2 Detailed Design for Projects That Exceed the Criteria for Simplified Design......................2-2
( C  k# S( ^, x$ T2 `2.2.3 Semi-Integral, Jointed and Other Structural Alternatives......................................................2-2
2 e* a  d6 k6 c" ^2.3 Laying out the Bridge......................................................................................................................2-3- b9 F' O& R4 B# k4 X  k( E  U/ @
2.3.1 Conventional Layout..............................................................................................................2-3& K* {( B6 m+ u: K, j
2.3.2 Ideal Layout...........................................................................................................................2-3' {( s& D( |7 b# O1 H: W0 P
2.4 Hydraulic RequirementS.................................................................................................................2-5! [4 y7 w. f# L) z( ~) m) t
2.4.1 Scour Considerations..............................................................................................................2-6
$ S0 }6 N' j4 i; T7 ]' {; F2.4.2 Cofferdam Requirements.......................................................................................................2-65 `8 |/ n, ^/ y$ e7 z* m) {! x
2.5 Geotechnical...................................................................................................................................2-6
3 A0 r! U- l% d8 P3 W/ lSECTION 3 Loads........................................................................................................................................3-1
' A; ~# v8 \+ r3.1 General Information........................................................................................................................3-1& @2 E; r$ j' K' k3 l
3.2 Application of Loads.......................................................................................................................3-1) S8 U# J/ N0 v  |: M  U# ~  W
3.2.1 Construction Stage.................................................................................................................3-1
( o& |5 G0 E! j3.2.1.1 Permanent Dead Loads on Pile Cap..............................................................................3-15 |/ O; x$ w# T  P1 B; A
3.2.1.2 Construction Dead and Live Loads...............................................................................3-1  f8 ~' u  [1 m
3.2.1.3 Permanent Dead Load on Piles.....................................................................................3-1+ ~0 R$ x" l9 l! f' G4 M
3.2.2 Final Stage.............................................................................................................................3-1
% }% p, }( E  j3.2.2.1 Composite Permanent Dead Loads...............................................................................3-20 j; F, _6 |8 |
3.2.2.2 Live Loads....................................................................................................................3-2
! o" J5 U9 ~. }6 X0 l0 f: f- L; N* y3.2.2.3 Longitudinal Effects.....................................................................................................3-21 v1 |9 N( d) }/ \
3.2.2.4 Earth Loads...................................................................................................................3-2
8 X7 s) E% o- ]6 j) j, QSECTION 4 Structural Analysis and Evaluation...........................................................................................4-1
' w5 ^- x& G: o! q0 F4.1 General Information........................................................................................................................4-1
) ?  K2 @/ e% W% j4.2 Structural Design Criteria................................................................................................................4-1+ r+ B* ~# v1 w6 `! [. y
4.3 Design Methodology......................................................................................................................4-1; ?6 U& I& L% `4 o$ d* r0 E1 e
4.3.1 Simplified Design Method.....................................................................................................4-19 O' u! o  f  |( m/ Y# |$ {- P" t
4.3.2 Detailed Design......................................................................................................................4-2
: L% n9 H6 w! D  [' d4.4 Superstructure.................................................................................................................................4-21 T9 E! d; r+ F' B$ C. X
4.4.1 Bridge End and Anchorage General Details..........................................................................4-2& Z! T0 y: W; `3 G5 c& `# S( }
4.5 Substructure....................................................................................................................................4-3% W$ \& A- F, E/ W+ P
4.5.1 Abutment Movement..............................................................................................................4-3' R, \7 \# B8 ^6 n0 U) Z5 M2 @
4.5.1.1 Thermal Movement.......................................................................................................4-3
/ H; I/ b0 J  b. j4.5.1.2 Shrinkage and Creep.....................................................................................................4-42 a# c8 \7 }( F: J* J  ]/ ]
. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
% e) y* Q/ j* H% m. PVermont Agency of Transportation% H9 x6 r6 ~  `* @0 C$ O9 Y9 Z
viii 2008VTRANS INTEGRAL ABUTMENT DESIGN GUIDELINE
/ e6 M$ Y& B  A* {# g& z9 I4.5.1.3 Total Allowable Movement..........................................................................................4-4
% t, t" j; W) G0 f4.5.1.4 Grade of Steel...............................................................................................................4-4  T, [' h' {4 H5 V# j+ W
4.5.1.5 Pile Selection................................................................................................................4-4
/ D3 O% `4 V2 z4.5.1.6 Pile Orientation.............................................................................................................4-9
6 q/ g# H: z# e0 }4 p/ a; H$ h4.5.2 Pile Design............................................................................................................................4-9
2 K: g. j1 ^; X4 R. X, [' K4.5.2.1 L-Pile Software Analysis............................................................................................4-11! N- Y) t' V3 V/ @, `+ a
4.5.2.1.1 Lateral Load at Pile Head.......................................................................................4-119 A7 B; l( s5 G& m# c2 C9 a/ x
4.5.2.1.2 Pile Deflection and Moment..................................................................................4-119 y$ ~% T. _) o- w2 |
4.5.2.1.3 Unbraced Lengths..................................................................................................4-12
, t) k  k8 O1 _" v5 }+ U4 R4.5.2.1.4 Depth to Fixity.......................................................................................................4-12  p' }; ~5 U6 K* C( p( d) O# p
4.5.2.2 Combined Axial Compression and Flexure................................................................4-160 H" p* ~2 x' n. Z% S
4.5.3 Pile Cap...............................................................................................................................4-16
4 L& q* |- ]0 G; ?6 H* P- p/ R. W4.5.4 Wingwall Design..................................................................................................................4-16+ J- k2 C- r% T( h' C
4.6 Project Notes and Special Provisions............................................................................................4-16
$ T1 S1 Q/ _: E9 p" m8 }4.7 Load Rating..................................................................................................................................4-16
) W* ~8 f. s+ S4 \SECTION 5 Concrete Structures...................................................................................................................5-1
$ |; I, C& a* H5 V) I0 C/ v7 h5.1 General Information........................................................................................................................5-1
' c+ g3 y* D$ J1 ?( I/ o5.2 Prestress Superstructure Specific Details........................................................................................5-1) c' j5 b# F/ K' z5 A# w
5.2.1 Voided Slab and Box Beam Bridge Decks............................................................................5-12 V/ H" s3 _' ]; D
5.2.2 Northeast Bulb-T (NEBT)......................................................................................................5-2# r. I3 y5 x: Q% o  e& v
5.2.2.1 Cast-In-Place Concrete Slab Decks..............................................................................5-4
2 T+ b0 [0 ?$ r0 w2 B5.2.3 Design for Frame Action (Negative Moment) at Ends of Deck.............................................5-4
8 z; e) b( X  P5 TSECTION 6 Steel Structures........................................................................................................................6-10 S- F* ]- t/ k- j6 ^. _/ q0 }
6.1 General Information........................................................................................................................6-16 z( Q% I. E  E5 P2 I6 C0 l8 h  r" B
6.2 Steel Girder Specific Details...........................................................................................................6-11 o6 i) _; [9 [4 L, B" A: \
SECTION 7 Aluminum Structures................................................................................................................7-14 r% ~4 x2 l( e$ o. _5 h2 C
7.1 General Information........................................................................................................................7-15 B2 f$ g9 R! a3 m
SECTION 8 Wood Structures.......................................................................................................................8-1
) X; u# v$ N% u) Y+ \5 S# e. x8.1 General Information........................................................................................................................8-1
; w2 r- J8 b% u# jSECTION 9 Deck and Deck Systems............................................................................................................9-1
4 y8 p/ t" }8 f" K" P" ?9.1 General Information........................................................................................................................9-1
& X6 w6 }9 \/ f; b7 k* nSECTION 10 Foundations..........................................................................................................................10-1
/ B' r- f, i' \5 e10.1 Initial Considerations................................................................................................................10-13 y7 o) m0 N- |4 F
10.1.1 Geotechnical Exploration.....................................................................................................10-1
4 `4 i+ |9 `" x$ |$ a5 h" R2 Z10.1.2 Pile Design and Verification................................................................................................10-1' ?* ^+ ]4 i! A, H
10.1.3 Required Information for Contract Documents....................................................................10-1
4 o2 [+ t5 D3 K( t10.2 Selecting a Pile for Integral Abutments....................................................................................10-1) L% g& ~% z) L# g& a
10.2.1 Loads on Piles......................................................................................................................10-1
' R- g% E4 H) r4 h10.2.2 Pile Cap Geometry...............................................................................................................10-2
  |1 z; @  [3 O; {5 [10.2.2.1 Number of Piles and Pile Spacing..............................................................................10-2+ H' B: H4 `" M5 b- x% e# r7 K9 I) L
10.2.2.2 Pile Groups.................................................................................................................10-2
, w; _' U+ j) d" ]1 ]# F10.2.2.3 Pile Length Requirement............................................................................................10-2
+ l) @6 @, k; b2 s0 {/ j10.3 Service Limit State....................................................................................................................10-2
# x* }$ a  M, Z, C* X, j10.4 Strength Limit State..................................................................................................................10-2. C1 w" w: E: [* `
10.4.1 Nominal Structural Pile Resistance (NSPR)........................................................................10-3
+ a: q2 J2 z. [9 M6 f( K" I* R; h! w10.4.2 Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR)..............................................................................10-3
9 i2 f+ P9 W, U$ ^; j  Y, u7 }% E10.4.3 Downdrag and Other Losses to Geotechnical Strength.......................................................10-3) [9 D2 n& D* h# ~8 h% l) {
10.4.4 Strength Limit State Resistance Factors for Driven Piles....................................................10-35 g# W- D# m1 {
. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
& q9 g* R7 g/ j6 hVermont Agency of Transportation8 {# k1 p' Q  B" G$ b
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
4 d7 v; Y( G7 I10.5 Pile Driving Analysis................................................................................................................10-49 b2 l, U/ r9 h) A
10.5.1 Pile Driving Concerns..........................................................................................................10-4$ q! G. `- C7 \
10.5.2 Maximum Pile Driving Stress..............................................................................................10-4
4 D3 ~! q% Z& W# Y$ j1 I10.5.3 Nominal Pile Driving Resistance (NPDR)...........................................................................10-53 Q" V, X/ N. \: R
10.5.3.1 Verification of the Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR) in Compression............10-5
/ L& `- ^7 _/ J3 i' w$ x) T10.5.4 Resistance Factors for Verifying the NAPR........................................................................10-5: ^% Y0 b9 E/ i7 A5 R# g( B, N
10.6 Design Steps for Piles...............................................................................................................10-6" _! B& J1 z* K, N
SECTION 11 Abutment, Piers and Walls....................................................................................................11-1) ?1 @" k2 h# N  R0 U
11.1 General Information..................................................................................................................11-13 a" N# G! r( f) L5 T! \
SECTION 12 Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners....................................................................................12-1, t, w8 X/ i( b- [
12.1 General Information..................................................................................................................12-1
& G3 T# P* Q1 ^; N$ z! vSECTION 13 Railings................................................................................................................................13-1
0 H/ T4 X' T: j+ h1 T1 E13.1 General Information..................................................................................................................13-1) b2 D2 Y: h$ s  h; |. K
SECTION 14 Joints and Bearings...............................................................................................................14-1
+ q" h2 K# Z0 L& Y14.1 General Information..................................................................................................................14-1
" G  ^; F# ^( ySECTION 15 Summary..............................................................................................................................15-1! J) k0 G" g; l+ H6 [, ^5 B4 [
SECTION 16 References............................................................................................................................16-11 z) b6 L/ D# P' m; f
16.1 General Information..................................................................................................................16-1
' ?5 S0 z$ T/ M. F" q16.2 Performance.............................................................................................................................16-1
% q2 M" ?$ _( F5 h$ Q1 z5 h: {16.3 Design Issues............................................................................................................................16-21 f" Y& ]/ ~; X* t$ C% o4 ?/ i
16.4 Analysis....................................................................................................................................16-2$ w  h; T4 ~( ~3 g8 @" v* q( q2 l, y: l. g; j
16.5 Approach Slabs.........................................................................................................................16-2
& L6 C: d" a' l% {6 T16.6 Forces.......................................................................................................................................16-2
  R( ^  J0 n: W6 E, a* n9 }16.7 State Manual References...........................................................................................................16-3
% J+ q$ a/ e1 t/ W6 Q- p& r) tAppendix A Design Outline.............................................................................................................................16 u  s# G( ~. P* a$ Y+ H
Appendix B Design Example...........................................................................................................................1
0 Y* f3 g; j' b) s) ?0 hNotes:..........................................................................................................................................................16-1
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cjcc 发表于 2011-4-8 23:00:03
INTEGRAL ABUTMENT BRIDGES - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIBILITY (8 Pages)
. ^/ z0 ]* z5 p3 ^2 ` integralabutmentbridges.pdf (368.95 KB, 下载次数: 11, 售价: 1 元堡币) & b+ q3 {' L7 M9 M
David I. Harvey, Don W. Kennedy1 q( s5 B: C$ @  S1 }
Associated Engineering (B.C.) Ltd., Canada
, ~8 c' ?( _( T0 y2 n' f5 b- Z3 @Gordon W. Ruffo2 q2 [4 C5 K5 R) e) T/ L
Carston-Aimes Construction Consultants Ltd., Canada! p( ], ^* ?7 u* @( |  i5 s0 x
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cjcc 发表于 2011-4-8 23:12:33
本帖最后由 cjcc 于 2011-4-8 23:13 编辑
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Integral Abutment Bridges Current Practice in the United States And Canada(20 Pages). I7 q8 B- i. k9 {* s; r
Integral Abutment Bridges Current Practice in the united states and Canada.pdf (1.44 MB, 下载次数: 28, 售价: 1 元堡币) / @9 u9 O# w4 A$ K! E0 l" r  b

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cjcc 发表于 2011-4-8 23:18:54
INTEGRAL BRIDGE ABUTMENTS(50 Pages)& Z7 W- U  @6 w9 M% S
R. J. Lock) u# x3 [! _; k/ |; G3 O' m2 H3 _
CUED/D-SOILS/TR320 (June 2002)+ |% [/ {4 Y, N! A& U
M.Eng. Project Report
$ L- e- f+ A0 d- z0 h* R( l INTEGRAL BRIDGE ABUTMENTS.pdf (1.47 MB, 下载次数: 3, 售价: 1 元堡币)
- h( u- o, ^  k% ?6 j6 l' j1.0 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................4& o( n/ G/ e# P" u3 a  h
1.1 Purpose and Scope of Project .................................................................................... 5
% u" V0 m1 F% M1.2 Mode of Bridge Movement ....................................................................................... 6
+ j. T- r2 P& J, {; i" g1.3 Magnitude of Deck Expansion .................................................................................. 6
: n- l. W8 b( F2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW - Model Test Procedures...........................................7: a- x* n) j4 q! M& {' a
2.1 TRL Report 146: Cyclic loading of sand behind integral bridge abutments............. 7
/ \& A0 Q$ e0 W( B( F9 ]# [2.2 Integral Bridges: A fundamental approach to the time-temperature loading problem- Q& W* o4 B( f% ^6 L  f& F2 [  s
(England et al., 2000) .......................................................................................................... 11
. ?! b; E" y/ a% D$ u% @& ?3.0 EARTH PRESSURES - Experimental Results.................................................13
% K# Q: X( \$ }, Z, e; I3.1 BA 42/96 - The Design of Integral Bridges ............................................................ 13
7 Y. }4 j7 B) `3.2 TRL Report 146: Cyclic loading of sand behind integral bridge abutments) [/ ^. X& c6 F
(Springman et al. 1996) ....................................................................................................... 14
/ D4 W$ b5 A- k% m3.3 Integral Bridges: A fundamental approach to the time-temperature loading problem
) s/ D. H+ n/ z) ~$ U$ Q(England et al., 2000) .......................................................................................................... 16
, [9 [4 g' x9 f7 t' U* V$ |3.4 Experimental and Analytical Investigations of Piles and Abutments of Integral
8 _" H2 I. D9 o  M  C+ x0 W& rBridges (Arsoy et al., 2002) ................................................................................................ 19
2 Q9 x  s' [. J$ t5 {) z4.0 EARTH PRESSURES - Field Measurements ..................................................201 t: H+ P4 K! J' J3 i& V
4.1 Field tests................................................................................................................. 20+ U1 ~5 b; j0 `, x
4.2 Testing an Integral Steel Frame Bridge: Elgaaly et al., 1992; Skew Effects on
) \- m" v# ]! c; c" E& DBackfill Pressures at Integral Bridge Abutments: Sandford & Elgaaly, 1993. ................... 21& P3 ^% ]  f+ {. \4 ]
4.3 Measurement of thermal cyclic movements on two portal frame bridges on the M1:/ [: R, O9 |( K& [) m
Darley & Alderman, 1995 ................................................................................................... 24* J% y5 j$ W$ p7 `+ \- b
4.4 Field Study of an Integral Backwall Bridge: Hoppe & Gomez, 1996..................... 247 M0 d; \/ T: x( K; K7 G& X
4.5 Seasonal thermal effects over three years on the shallow abutment of an integral
: x0 ^  R! q" S/ C; {9 Tbridge in Glasgow: Darley et al., 1998................................................................................ 264 ?) W) X+ G* x3 x" }
4.6 Performance of an integral Bridge over the M1-A1 Link Road at Bramham# J! `9 l: p- p8 [" l9 N" b
Crossroads: Barker & Carder, 2001 .................................................................................... 27" i5 M* T3 d5 p% @/ w( G' C
4.7 Field Performance of Integral Abutment Bridge: Lawver et al., 2000.................... 284 [3 K; `* h9 Z& ]% `
4.8 Integral Bridge in West Lafayette, Indiana. Frosch, 2002....................................... 29* O) \# z2 W- p3 S& E
4.9 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion......................................................................... 30- P3 I: Y8 v. d$ |3 m5 T' y
4.10 Influence of deck compression................................................................................ 31
3 z1 S, G" t+ j2 w3 i5.0 SETTLEMENT - Experimental Results ...........................................................338 W* w0 Z9 R8 ?6 ^/ n0 Y: @
5.1 BA 42/96 - The Design of Integral Bridges ............................................................ 33
+ L" ?/ M' L# ^7 s7 c$ A5.2 TRL Report 146: Cyclic loading of sand behind integral bridge abutments
. z+ Q& n6 d* L8 o- \8 S: Y(Springman et al. 1996) ....................................................................................................... 33+ l" B9 k0 K0 V% D
5.3 Integral Bridges: A fundamental approach to the time-temperature loading problem
6 n! \7 k& s* b/ [& F' }0 }(England et al., 2000) .......................................................................................................... 36+ P* h+ S8 y: O0 A
6.0 SETTLEMENT - Field Measurements.............................................................38' i- n& f7 ^: @0 ?2 L& u
6.1 Highways Agency Maintenance Data ..................................................................... 38  ^5 E  B: ]/ p
6.2 Field Studies ............................................................................................................ 40# [* x" A% h2 O* m! K: `% i& D
6.3 Approach Slabs........................................................................................................ 424 V4 z$ k9 Q7 \. Q) R
7.0 CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................44# o* d& q; Q1 Y  R2 T
7.1 Superstructure.......................................................................................................... 44
- b  s; b. f4 `" l7.2 Abutment design...................................................................................................... 44
  |5 ~6 c5 u4 k) P2 A7.3 Settlement mitigation............................................................................................... 45# s  s8 l; f& S% W
8.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................46
$ Y/ ]6 P. i0 T: w0 q- R9.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................49) |  C9 w# }" V& {
APPENDIX A Earth pressure coefficient definitions .............................................50
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cjcc 发表于 2011-4-8 23:36:47
本帖最后由 cjcc 于 2011-4-8 23:38 编辑 ' D) i1 S  E: i0 T$ `. g
7 Q3 @( j+ j* W8 L0 Q
THE 2005 – FHWA CONFERENCE 会议论文集(343Pages)7 g7 ^! H0 ?6 G# P* }0 l8 q
Integral Abutment and Jointless Bridges! s$ q0 _/ A8 N7 w' N( Q
(IAJB 2005) March 16 – 18, 2005
, @% s! i! P8 O% P! u# g5 u8 IBaltimore, Maryland4 F) [. X( C9 f) R& ], i
Proceeding.part3.rar (753.87 KB, 下载次数: 3, 售价: 1 元堡币) " m8 U+ [& ?* |4 j9 |6 Z
Proceeding.part2.rar (2.86 MB, 下载次数: 3, 售价: 1 元堡币) % H% U+ v" m, y( [
Proceeding.part1.rar (2.86 MB, 下载次数: 3, 售价: 1 元堡币)
1 {8 R, [6 Y$ b) D( c4 X; C, ~' S$ }/ B/ e; p$ K5 Z
Session I: Current Practices with Design Guidelines and Foundation Design
1 e) f& A( Z0 T  A; n0 iIntegral Abutment and Jointless Bridges                                                                    - a5 N5 x  f! D
V. Mistry                               31 F  {! D" q7 W, N% n

1 T: b" j3 p4 a; v! t  [Integral Abutments and Jointless Bridges (IAJB)          2004 Survey Summary          & o+ F; M: e6 Q& _5 m# w' q- \( |
R. Maruri, S.Petro                 120 M& A; P. R: R$ b( v; h
+ p" F1 k7 h' ]1 ~
The In-Service Behavior of Integral Abutment Bridges:  Abutment-Pile Response   
9 G6 f& ?# f+ n$ _; a! rR. Frosch, M. Wenning, V. Chovichien 30
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New York State Department of Transportation's Experience with Integral Abutment Bridges* T) v8 D) L. W0 a9 u6 a& I" ^
A. Yannotti, S. Alampalli, H. White        41: B# X3 Y0 O8 Z; m7 b

/ K1 n9 O/ r4 J0 ]Integral Abutment Design and Construction: The New England Experience            
* n- Z# ]1 J6 M. g+ E) v D. Conboy, E. Stoothoff                        50
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: x. g! v, G& t8 g% j2 ~VDOT Integral Bridge Design Guidelines                                                                  6 d# Z  Q: y8 I# X, `& Z
K. Weakley                                            61* ~% g) [$ J. ]/ M6 Y1 `/ ]* M

# s' l4 v0 m$ F: |/ R( W+ NSession II: Case Studies( i( h" u# w& A( k
Case Study: A Jointless Structure to Replace the Belt Parkway Bridge  Over Ocean Parkway( J8 E# G$ {7 p4 v/ ~; r' g
S. Jayakumaran, M. Bergmann, S. Ashraf, C. Norrish 732 g. E: t4 F2 J8 t
6 \9 g$ `4 @7 P7 r/ s
Case Study – Jointless Bridge Beltrami County State Aid Highway 33 Over Mississippi River in Ten Lake Township, 1 }* }; h0 w8 i" |( b/ L
Minnesota J. Wetmore, B. Peterson                             84
4 Z- l/ {/ k# y6 M" B2 C' \4 j
  Y4 V* D2 N" q  h0 ^; UDesign and Construction of Dual 630-foot, Jointless, Three-spanContinuous Multi-girder Bridges in St. Albans, West Virginia,
* R1 y/ R. }5 \* q* z) X# yUnited States, Carrying U.S. Route 60 over the Coal River% H$ l+ t& V+ A0 I( b9 I
J. Perkun, K. Michael                                                  97
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2 K% K* G: j6 ~0 B; F: c% Q9 gIntegral Abutment Bridges with FRP Decks – Case Studies
$ J7 ]+ f$ V! o' a* p% X7 m0 QV. Shekar, S. Aluri, H. GangaRao                             113
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New Mexico’s Practice and Experience in Using Continuous Spans for Jointless Bridges; C# @3 r! L0 X8 Z
S. Maberry, J. Camp, J. Bowser                            125
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Integral Abutment Bridges – Iowa and Colorado Experience' o% f* T- a; c) ~) F/ ^8 u! ?' v
D. Liu, R. Magliola, K. Dunker                               136
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Moose Creek Bridge – Case Study of a prefabricated Integral Abutment Bridge in Canada9 @) {( }' h$ s# ?
I. Husain, B. Huh, J. Low, M. McCormick                 148
; H% q" h6 @  l* J" r- L8 ~Session III: Maintenance and Rehabilitation
$ P" x0 i- Y& l6 g3 c* rSession IV: Construction Practices/ P6 i$ [3 q$ Q2 W9 _
Author Index
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hewenlong2... 发表于 2011-4-9 10:52:38
what‘s   this  dongdong?

点评

同上,,,眼花。。。就像看到最新2010美国新规范一样的感觉,下了也看不懂。。。  发表于 2011-6-17 11:34
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greetingpi... 发表于 2011-4-16 17:57:35
一般银看不懂 this dongdong costs too much
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cjcc 发表于 2011-4-16 23:24:12
回复 greetingpine 的帖子  r' B( E  K  W4 ~. {8 R! C
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加钱其实只是为了防止被人随便转到其他论坛上,要不我就把级别弄高点
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joppasd123... 发表于 2011-6-7 14:03:16
本帖最后由 joppasd1230895 于 2011-6-7 14:03 编辑
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5 p7 B% p$ N( a, B) L/ E) Z8 v. G这篇贴和 子菁版主的 美国道路桥梁深度考察报告
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联合起来看,来了解国外的桥梁设计方法。
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wilfordlee 发表于 2011-6-17 11:43:48
我觉得。。。国内很多地方的设计,虽然一部分原因是设计理念的差距,这部分差距是很大,但是另一个很重要的原因是市场的因素
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dongd 发表于 2012-3-2 11:19:13
工程投入、历史积累、理念等多方面的差距: ]) g! m4 p) L7 J
有对比才有进步,取长补短。
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